Soeharto Dan Prabowo: Peran Militer Dalam Politik, Sebuah Perspektif

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Post on May 08, 2025

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Soeharto dan Prabowo: Peran Militer dalam Politik, Sebuah Perspektif

Pendahuluan: Indonesia's history is deeply intertwined with the role of the military in politics. The presidencies of Soeharto and the prominent political career of Prabowo Subianto serve as compelling case studies exploring this complex relationship. This article examines their respective trajectories, highlighting the enduring influence of the military establishment on Indonesian political life and its implications for democracy.

Soeharto: Orde Baru dan Kekuasaan Militer

The New Order (Orde Baru) era under Soeharto (1967-1998) witnessed the military's unprecedented consolidation of power. Soeharto, a general, strategically leveraged the army's influence to maintain his grip on power for over three decades. This involved:

• Dwifungsi ABRI: The doctrine of Dwifungsi ABRI (the dual function of the Indonesian Armed Forces) granted the military a significant role in both security and civilian affairs. This blurred the lines between military and political authority, allowing the military to infiltrate various aspects of Indonesian society, including the economy and bureaucracy. This system, while initially presented as a means of national stability, ultimately facilitated Soeharto's authoritarian rule.
• Repression and Control: The military under Soeharto ruthlessly suppressed dissent and opposition, employing intimidation and violence to maintain control. The 1965-66 massacres, a dark chapter in Indonesian history, remain a stark reminder of the military's capacity for brutality. Understanding these events is crucial to understanding the lasting impact of military intervention in Indonesian politics.
• Economic Influence: The military's involvement extended beyond politics; it became heavily involved in the Indonesian economy, controlling numerous businesses and resources. This economic power further solidified the military's influence and perpetuated a system of cronyism.

Prabowo Subianto: Warisan Militer dan Politik Kontemporer

Prabowo Subianto, Soeharto's son-in-law, continues to embody the legacy of military influence in Indonesian politics. His career showcases the enduring impact of the military's historical role:

• Karier Militer dan Politik: Prabowo's military background and connections significantly aided his political ascent. While he has attempted to distance himself from the authoritarian past, his past association with Soeharto continues to shape public perception and his political strategy.
• Nationalisme dan Populisme: Prabowo's political platform often emphasizes nationalism and strong leadership, resonating with certain segments of the Indonesian population. This populist appeal taps into a latent desire for strong, decisive leadership – a sentiment partially rooted in the legacy of the New Order.
• Kritik dan Kontroversi: Prabowo's political career has been marked by controversy, including accusations of human rights abuses during his military service. These accusations highlight the ongoing debate about accountability and the need to address the past injustices associated with military involvement in politics.

Kesimpulan: Menuju Demokrasi yang Lebih Kuat

The legacies of Soeharto and Prabowo underscore the enduring challenge of disentangling the military from Indonesian politics. While significant strides have been made towards democratization since the fall of Soeharto, the military's lingering influence continues to shape the political landscape. Indonesia's ongoing journey towards a more robust and inclusive democracy requires continued vigilance and a sustained commitment to civilian control over the military. Further research and open discussion about the historical role of the military are vital for fostering a more transparent and accountable political system.

Keywords: Soeharto, Prabowo Subianto, militer Indonesia, Orde Baru, Dwifungsi ABRI, politik Indonesia, demokrasi Indonesia, sejarah Indonesia, human rights, pengaruh militer, transisi demokrasi.